The 10th International Conference on Agricultural and Biological Sciences
(ABS 2024)

Abstract: Local swine resources were widely used in modern breeding system due to its typical characteristics such as meat quality and diseases resistance however it always accompanied by some weak traits like fatty carcass and lower birth weight which result in slow growth rate and poor feed efficiency. A large number of research have shown that Excessive fat deposition is an important factor affecting placental function and leading to low birth weight in piglets. Resveratrol (RES), as a polyphenol with many positive properties, such as alleviating gestational diabetes, promoting foetal growth, and improving maternal metabolic homeostasis, has been widely studied. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary 500 mg/kg RES supplementation during late pregnancy for normal (NBT) or high backfat thickness (HBT) on reproductive performance, and placental function in Shaziling sow. Results showed that resveratrol had limited effects on backfat thickness of Shaziling sow (P>0.05). HBT sow had lower total litter weight, average weight of total births, live litter weight, average weight of live births and placental efficiency (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.05). The supplementation of RES can significantly increase the average weight of total births, live litter weight, average weight of live births and placental efficiency (P<0.01). The average process of farrowing and stillbirth in HBT sow significantly higher than that in NBT sow (P<0.0001, P<0.01), the supplementation of RES can reduce the average process of farrowing (P=0.0773), significantly decrease the stillbirth (P<0.05). The mRNA relative expression in Shaziling sow indicated that the relative expression level of ACC mRNA related to fat synthesis in placental of HBT sow was significantly higher than that in NBT sow (P<0.05), the expression levels of LPL, HSL, and CPT-1 mRNA related to fat metabolism were significantly lower than that in NBT sow (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.0001). Dietary supplementary of RES can significantly increase CPT-1 mRNA expression (P<0.001). Relative expression levels of iNOS and FGF related to placental angiogenesis, SNAT1 related to animo acid transport, CD36 related to fatty acid transport were significantly lower in HBT sow (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01). RES can significantly increase HIF-1α, VEGF-A, PlGF and FGF relative mRNA expression related to placental angiogenesis (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.0001, P<0.05). RES can significantly increase the relative expression levels of GLUT3 and GLUT4 mRNA related to placental glucose transport (P<0.001，P<0.05), SNAT2 and CAT-1 mRNA related to placental animo acid transport (P<0.05, P<0.01), FABPpm mRNA related to fatty acid transport (P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of placental CD31 in HBT sow was significantly lower than that in NBT sow (P<0.01), which can be significantly increased by dietary supplementation RES (P<0.01). The fluorescence intensity of placental p-p50/p50 and p-p65/p65 in HBT sow were significantly higher than that in NBT sow (P<0.0001, P<0.0001), which related to placental inflammation status, were significantly decreased by dietary supplementation RES (P<0.001, P<0.0001). Given the significant differences between HBT and NBT sow mentioned above, and the significant regulatory effects on reproductive performance and placental function of RES on HBT sow, we further elucidated the protein expression related to angiogenesis in placenta using a high-fat mouse model. The relative protein expression of eNOS was significantly decreased under high-fat induction (P<0.001), which can significantly increase after supplementation of RES (P<0.05). And phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR was significantly reduced under high-fat induction (P<0.01, P<0.001, P<0.05), which can be increased by the supplementary of RES (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.05). The direct binding activity of RES to PI3K was measured by ex vivo pull-down assay and computational docking analysis, results showed that the binding rate of RES and PI3K reaches 70.2%, RES bound to the SH2 domain on the regulatory subunit P85 of PI3K, hydrogen bonds were formed between RES and Pro395, which can further improve the phosphorylation ability of PI3K. In conclusion, excessive backfat thickness of Shaziling sow had negative impact on reproductive performance, dietary supplementation of RES can improve reproduction performance by regulating genes expression of placental angiogenesis and nutrient transport. RES can directly bind to the PI3K protein, promote its phosphorylation, further increase the expression of downstream proteins of placental angiogenesis.
Keywords: Shaziling sow, Resveratrol, Placental function, Reproductive performance
Acknowledgements: (Optional)this study were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( U22A20515),

Abstract: One of the most used synthetic polymers is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which is mostly used in water bottles and packaging material in the food and beverage, agricultural, aerospace, automotive, and medical industries. However, large amounts of nondegradable PET waste rapidly accumulate in ecosystems worldwide and have become a global issue. In Bangladesh, plastic use increased 3 times within 15 years due to the inadequate recycling of plastic waste. Only 20% of these bottles are reused, while 80% are discarded. Post-consumed PET bottles were collected from natural habitats. About 260 bacterial colonies were isolated in nutrient agar, Luria Bertani agar, and Peptone, Yeast Extract, Glucose agar media. The isolates were studied for morphological, microscopic, physiological, and molecular characterization. A modified carbon free basal medium was used for the assessment of PET degradation potentiality of the potential isolates. The biofilm formation capacity of the isolates was also investigated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The isolated bacteria were Bacillus, Listeria, Brochothrix, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Morganella, Cedecea and Serratia. The diverse nature of bacterial growth and thick biofilm formation revealed that the isolates are enabled to attach the PET undergoing degradation. The formation of thick biofilm with high growth efficiency was observed in isolate P2/18/1 and Sp2/3 in carbon free basal medium. The biofilm formation results revealed that 93% of isolates were able to form biofilm, whereas 31% of them were strong. The results suggest that the bacteria have potential for PET degradation.

Abstract: Oriented immobilization is conducive to preserve the catalytic activity of enzyme compared with random immobilization. Photo-crosslinking reaction with high temporal and spatial resolution was often used in oriented covalent immobilization protein. Herein, sucrose isomerase (SI) was selected as the model enzyme. Molecular simulation was perform to select the targeted immobilization region, which was far from the SI active site, and thus basically does not affect the enzymatic activity. Subsequently, a short peptide (H2N-VNIGGX-COOH, VG) with high affinity to this region was rational designed, and the non-natural amino acid 4-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa) with the photosensitive group of benzophenone was introduced into its carboxyl terminal of the peptide VG. And then, the affinity between the ligand and the SI was validated. Thereafter, SI was immobilized on the surface of epoxy resin (EP) guiding by VG. The enzymatic activity, thermos-stability, and reusability of affinity directional photo-crosslinked immobilized sucrose isomerase (hv-EP-VG-SI) were systematically studied. The oriented immobilization enzymes were significantly improved in recycling and heat resistance. Moreover, hv-EP-VG-SI remained more than 90% of the original activity and 50% of activity after 11 cycles. The excellent reusability and stability of hv-EP-VG-SI can signiffcantly reduce the cost of enzymes in practical applications. It has high value in industrial production operations. This research provided a reference to produce isomaltulose by the industrial enzymatic method and also supported ideas for novel oriented immobilization enzymes.

Abstract: Sustainable intensification implies higher agricultural production with lower environmental impact and is mandatory to meet the global demand for food and feed.
Intercropping, i.e., the cultivation of two or more crops on the same field at the same time, is an agronomic strategy for crop diversification which allows lowering inputs while achieving higher crop yields.
Overyielding of intercropping on sole cropping is generally recognized because of resource complementarities between species but may also be related to increased tolerance to weeds and/or pest and disease resilience. However, from a farmer’s perspective also the quality of the products should be maximized, and this would be even more imperative if the grains are used as bulk for the feed or food industry. To the best of our knowledge only few studies have addressed this aspect of the intercropping performance. To fill this gap, in this two-year field study we aimed to assess the grain quality of a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and horse-bean
(Vicia faba L. var minor) intercropping (IC) compared to sole crop (SC). Both IC and SC were cultivated in alternate rows in an additive design and fertilized with five nitrogen (N) fertilization rates (i.e., 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha−1) in Central Italy.
We found that the protein and fiber concentrations of the grains were significantly modified by the mean effect of the cropping system (i.e., SC vs IC) as it was higher in intercropped crops than in sole crops. However, the changes found in the bromatological characteristics of the grains of pure crops and of intercropping depended almost exclusively on the variations in barley grains, because in field bean the quality of the grain remained almost unchanged.
N fertilization slightly improved the grain quality of both systems and increasing N rates decreased acid-detergent fiber (ADF) concentration which in turn augmented neutral-detergent fiber (NDF).
However, when considering the protein and fiber yields, we concluded that intercropping can allow for a decrease in nitrogen fertilizers, without compromising the quality of the intercropped barley compared to the monocrop.
We believe that our results will be useful to encourage the adoption of cereal/legume intercropping by European farmers, because they permit overcoming the barriers that farmers perceive about market opportunities of products obtained in intercropping systems.

Abstract: Nitrogen-fertilizer application is one of the most common agricultural practices that helps plant growth and increase crop yields. Plants, however, take up only a fraction of the N applied and the unused N can be carried into the surface environment with unintended consequences for water and emitted to air, as nitrous oxide, contributing to global warming. This research focuses N-species in soils during the sorghum growing season on marginal lands in Ontario, Canada. Soil samples were collected from agricultural and marginal land fields at three different times during the growing season: Before Planting (BP), After Fertilizer Application (AFA), At (biomass) Harvest (AH). Plant-usable (as water leachable N-species) and unusable N-species in the soil samples were analyzed using calorimetric and Kjeldahl methods. The results show that the plant-usable N-species only account for a small portion of the N content in the soil and that the concentrations of the plant-usable N-species in the soils varies with the land type and soil collection time. N-fertilizer significantly increased the level of the plant-usable N-species in the soils shortly after its application but the increase was not proportional to its rate of application and did not significantly enhance the biomass production. More research is needed to confirm the findings of this research and to develop techniques to make the plant-unusable N-species usable by plants.